Verbum Vitae, 2024, T. 42, Nr 3: The Mother of the Lord Present in the Church: Theological and Interdisciplinary Perspectives

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12153/8281

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    The Position of the General Chapters of the Dominican Brothers Towards the Teaching of St. Thomas Aquinas and the Question of Immaculate Conception
    (Wydawnictwo KUL, 2024) Nawracała, Tomasz
    The doctrine of Thomas Aquinas was formally adopted as the official teaching of the entire Dominican Order. Throughout the 13th and 14th centuries, general chapters placed significant emphasis on the importance of adhering to Aquinas’ views. They were deemed essential not only to maintain continuity within the orthodox tradition of the Church but also to foster unity within the entire order. Among the topics that sparked debate among medieval theologians was the conception of Mary. While Bernard of Clairvaux and the Dominicans rejected the idea of Mary’s immaculate conception, the Franciscans, led by figures like John Duns Scotus, advocated for it. This article highlights the stance taken by the Dominican general chapters in defence of Thomas’ views. Initially, in the 14th century, there were general indications supporting the maculistic understanding of Mary’s conception, but this stance shifted over time. By the 15th century, the Dominicans were compelled to embrace the immaculistic concept. The delayed promulgation of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Mary in the mid-19th century underscores the complexity and unresolved nature of theological discussions throughout the medieval period.
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    The Dominican Stance on the Immaculate Conception of Mary: Insights from Selected Sermons (13th-15th Centuries)
    (Wydawnictwo KUL, 2024) Kochaniewicz, Bogusław
    It is commonly believed that in the debate on the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, representatives of the Order of St. Francis were supporters of the Marian privilege, while the Dominicans were against it. The aim of this article is to verify this opinion by analyzing selected Dominican homilies from the 13th –15th centuries, seeking answers to the questions: has the maculist position expressed by preachers been maintained over the centuries? What caused Dominicans to remain unchanged in their views, despite the gradual spread of the opinion about the Immaculate Conception of Mary, which was finally officially accepted by the Church? What role did Saint’s opinion play? Thomas Aquinas to the position of later Dominicans? The results of the analysis of medieval Dominican sermons allow us to consider the opinion that has so far been widespread as one-sided and superficial. The Dominican position is much more complex.
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    Methods of Dogmatic Discourse in the Dispute over the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Exemplified by German Dominican Theologians from the 13th to the 16th Century
    (Wydawnictwo KUL, 2024) Ferdek, Bogdan
    The important problem of the publication is expressed by two questions: what method was used by German Dominican theologians who were supporters of the Immaculate Conception? How did the change in method change the view of the Immaculate Conception? The path to solving the problem has three stages. The first of them is a reconstruction of the views on the Immaculate Conception of German Dominican theologians. The next stage examines these views in terms of the method used. The final stage is a critical look at the methods used by Dominican supporters of the Immaculate Conception. The method used in the article consists of: systematization of the views of German Dominicans, analysis of the methods used by them and a discourse on the methods of the supporters of the Immaculate Conception with the opponent of this opinion, St. Thomas Aquinas. The change of method, from the scholastic method to the liturgical method (lex orandi – lex credendi), the argument from congruity (ex convenientia), and typological exegesis, has led a few Dominican theologians to the opinion that Mary was preserved or purified from original sin, or that she was conceived without original sin. The methods used by Dominican supporters of the Immaculate Conception have weaknesses. They resemble a circumstantial trial, which provides a high degree of probability, but not proof. This weakness of the methods is exposed by the discourse of these methods with the scholastic method of St. Thomas. This discourse results in the postulate of reinterpreting the Immaculate Conception. We should return to the biblical term “sanctification” and explain that Mary was saved by a more sublime sanctification. This would prevent the immaculate conception of Jesus from being equated with the immaculate conception of Mary. Only Jesus is Immaculate because He was conceived by the Holy Spirit, and His Mother, conceived by Joachim and Anna, was saved by a more sublime sanctification.
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    Średniowieczne "clausulae" różańcowe i ich teologiczna treść
    (Wydawnictwo KUL, 2024) Lekan, Janusz
    Celem tej refleksji teologicznej jest skupienie się na jednej z form kultu maryjnego, jaką jest różaniec. Modlitwa ta, znana od wieków, posiada bogate znaczenie teologiczne – wprowadza w misterium zbawienia (doktryna) i stanowi rodzaj modlitwy medytacyjnej (duchowość). Jest modlitwą, która potrzebuje również odnowy, do czego zachęca papież Paweł VI w adhortacji Marialis cultus. Jedną z dróg odnowy tej modlitwy mogą stać się średniowieczne formy klauzuli różańcowych. Zanim jednak zostanie ukazany historyczny i teologiczny kontekst jej powstania, trzeba wskazać na naturę kultu maryjnego i jego miejsce w pobożności chrześcijańskiej. Po omówieniu kontekstu historyczno-teologicznego powstawania klauzul i roli Dominika z Prus w tym procesie, zechcemy podkreślić aktualność tej modlitwy, wskazując na jej bogactwo teologiczne – wartość biblijną i kontemplacyjną. Różaniec klauzulowy ma również wartość ekumeniczną, gdyż ta forma modlitwy posiada ściśle biblijne korzenie, zawiera bowiem Pozdrowienie anielskie, opisane w Ewangelii św. Łukasza i odniesienie do tajemnic zbawienia dokonanego przez Jezusa Chrystusa. Jest także odpowiedzią na modę medytacji religii Wschodu. This theological reflection focuses on one form of Marian devotion, the Rosary. This prayer, which has been known for centuries, has a deep theological meaning: it introduces the mysteries of salvation (doctrine) and is a form of meditative prayer (spirituality). As a prayer, it also needs renewal, as encouraged by Pope Paul VI in his exhortation Marialis cultus. The medieval forms of Clausular Rosary could become a way of renewing this prayer. However, before the historical and theological context of its origin is shown, it is necessary to point out the nature of Marian devotion and its place in Christian piety. After discussing the historical and theological context of how the clausulae were formed and the role of Dominic of Prussia in this process, the actuality of this prayer shall be emphasised by pointing out its theological richness: its biblical and contemplative value. The Clausular Rosary also has ecumenical value, since this form of prayer has strictly biblical roots: it contains the Angelic Salutation described in the Gospel of St. Luke and a reference to the mysteries of salvation accomplished by Jesus Christ. It is also a response to the popularity of meditation in the spirit of Eastern religions.
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    The Position of Selected English Dominicans Towards the Immaculate Conception in the Pre-tridentine Era
    (Wydawnictwo KUL, 2024) Beyga, Paweł
    The Immaculate Conception of the Mother of Christ is a truth of the Catholic faith that was only dogmatised by Pius IX in 1854. Until then, there had been debate among theologians regarding this Marian privilege. By means of selected examples the article shows the attitude of English Dominicans to the Immaculate Conception of Mary between the 13th and 16th centuries. It transpires that the members of the Order of Preachers in the British Isles presented an extremely diverse positions. One can find both strongly dissenting positions and those manifestly in favour of the Immaculate Conception. It is extremely interesting to note that in their arguments for the Immaculate Conception, some Dominicans distanced themselves from the continental theology represented by Aquinas. The way the Dominicans conceptualised the Immaculate Conception was closer to that represented by the twelfth-century theologian and historian Eadmer.