Browsing by Author "Nyka, Maciej"

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    Environmental Impact Assessment in Artificial Island Projects Implemented in Polish Maritime Areas: A Missing Element in Polish Regulations on EIA Procedures
    (Stowarzyszenie Absolwentów i Przyjaciół Wydziału Prawa Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2021) Haładyj, Anna; Nyka, Maciej
    The aim of the article is to determine, taking into account the requirements of EU law, at which point of the multi-stage procedure of granting development consent for the construction of offshore wind farms it is necessary to conduct EIA of project types, within the meaning of Directive 2011/92/EU, and what the legal consequences are of failure to obtain a decision on environmental conditions for schemes carried out in Polish maritime areas. Our conclusions may provide guidance as to the necessary amendment to the Polish Act on the Provision of Information on the Environment and Its Protection and on Environmental Impact Assessment and the Act on the Maritime Areas of the Republic of Poland and on Maritime Administration in order to ensure compliance with EU law, environmental safety, as well as reducing the legal risk that such projects entail.
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    Land-Sea Interactions in Realisation of Ecosystem Approach in the Marine Spatial Planning in the Baltic Sea Region – Polish Perspective
    (KUL Publishing House, 2022) Bąkowski, Tomasz; Nyka, Maciej
    Maritime spatial planning has become on of the fundamental instruments of managing human activity at the sea. It is mostly due to the rising competition for marine space, which is a consequence of rising number and variety of uses of the sea. Among the principles of marine spatial planning ecosystem approach as well as the taking into account the interaction between land and sea seem to play the most important role. First one is more general and axiological in it’s nature, while the second functions more as technical guide for planners. Together they can be called guiding principles of marine spatial planning. Ecosystem approach is a concept closely related to ecosystem services. It’s main aim is to sustain the productivity of ecosystems in the field of ecosystem services, what is often connotated with the health of the marine ecosystem. Multiple correlations between land and sea can be easily seen in the managerial goals of the marine ecosystem. Trophic relations seems to be reflected in legal regulations, but the question remains if the marine spatial planning regime really reflects the interactions between land and the sea.
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    State Responsibility for Climate Change Damages
    (Wydawnictwo KUL, 2021) Nyka, Maciej
    The state’s liability for damages in the field of climate change remains one of those areas of international law that has not yet been comprehensively regulated. At present, the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage, specific to the norms of international climate law, is not an alternative to the general principles of international law regulating responsibility and compensation issues of the states in the sphere of international climate law. The application of customary international legal mechanisms of responsibility of states in relation to climate damage can be a kind of challenge. Both the damage itself and elements such as causation or the possibility of attributing responsibility to the state pose a significant challenge in the sphere of climate protection. On the other hand, it is impossible not to notice that properly applied norms of general international law make it possible to overcome the difficulties arising from the specificity of the responsibility of countries for climate change. The latest jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice in environmental matters creates a framework for the settlement and implementation of possible liability for damages in the area of ​​climate change.