Browsing by Author "Nawrot, Janusz"

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    Aluzje literackie w teologicznej ocenie działań arcykapłana Szymona w 1 Mch 14,5
    (Wydawnictwo KUL, 2021) Nawrot, Janusz
    Każda z ksiąg biblijnych odsłania swe orędzie teologiczne w bardzo zróżnicowany sposób literacki. W analizowanym wersecie 1 Mch 14,5 – jak i wszystkich pozostałych w księdze – zastosowany został centon, znany i praktykowany w starożytności gatunek literacki. Łączy w sobie poszczególne sformułowania wersetów wcześniejszych ksiąg starotestamentowych budując własne przesłanie teologiczne. W ten sposób powstaje aluzja intertekstualna, której fundamentem jest całkowita zgodność treściowa wersetów 1 Mch z przywoływanymi zwrotami. Zasadnicze znaczenie posiada literacki kontekst decydujący o doborze aluzji. On bowiem wpływa na teologiczną nośność samych wersetów i to, co proponują one ze swej treści dla skonstruowania nowego orędzia. Aluzje odsłaniają rzeczywisty sens opisywanych wydarzeń w kontekście teologicznym. Odkrycie właściwej intencji hagiografa pozwala czytelnikowi poprawnie ocenić postępowanie poszczególnych bohaterów, w tym przypadku Szymona Machabeusza, arcykapłana Żydów z okresu powstania machabejskiego.
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    Hapax Legomenon διχοστασία in 1 Macc 3:29 and in Ancient Greek Literature
    (Wydawnictwo KUL, 2025) Nawrot, Janusz
    The First Book of Maccabees contains many hapax legomena, including διχοστασία men­tioned in the title of this article, recorded in 3:29. The author attempts to answer what role this term plays in the divinely inspired text and why it was used there. Is it a mere lexical enrichment of the author’s writ­ing, or does it have a deeper theological meaning? Does it contain something that privileges it over other related terms since it was used? An analysis of the role of the term in question in 3:29 will help address the questions above. When writing about discord or rebellion, does the hagiographer employ other Greek concepts that he could also use in 1 Macc 3:29? Finally, what does Greek extra-biblical literature contribute to the understanding of the noun διχοστασία potentially influencing its intentional use in the verse under examination.
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    Judas Maccabeus and the Roman Republic: Greek Political Vocabulary in 1 Macc 8:1
    (Wydawnictwo KUL, 2021) Nawrot, Janusz
    The literary genius of the author of the First Book of the Maccabees shows in his ability to use the diplomatic realities of politics in the account of Judas Maccabeus, who strives to sign a pact with the Roman republic. The terms to describe politics have their own long history that dates back to the Greek world before Rome reached its prime. The use of these terms to represent Judas’ policy towards Rome in 1 Macc 8:1 was not an artificial ingenuity of the author, but rather his intentional borrowing. By utilising terms from the spheres of politics and diplomacy, the author was capable of matching them with the everlasting value of the message contained in the inspired text. This message was extremely important for the author. Thus, he was able to harmonise elements of world politics with God’s action. The Lord would use everything made by humans to exercise His will toward His own people.
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    What Are the Maccabean Insurgents Fighting For? The Theological Meaning of νομίμων in 1 Macc 3:21
    (Wydawnictwo KUL, 2023) Nawrot, Janusz
    In the discussed verse 1 Macc 3:21, there are two main motivations for the struggle of Judah Maccabee and his compatriots against the Seleucid army of Antiochus IV Epiphanes. The text combines the struggle for the physical existence of Jews with the defence of native customs established on the foundations of the Mosaic Law. There is a clear indissolubility of life and faith in the Jewish consciousness. One cannot survive without one’s own religious tradition, which is the basis of national identity. This article aims to explore the meaning of the Greek adjective νόμιμος, -η, -ον, appearing in the analysed verse of the the book, as substantive (τὸ) νόμιμον, "custom" especially in the plural τὰ νόμιμα, "customs, usages, norms". This term will be presented from a theological and historical perspective in search of an answer to the question about its content and implied meaning in the speech of Judah to his countrymen before the beginning of the battle of Beth-Choron. This content will be both the justification of the struggle undertaken and its importance in the history of Israel in the middle of the 2nd century BC.
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    Zeugizō: The Language of Marital Infidelity in the Account of Treachery Toward the Ancestral Laws in 1 Macc 1:15
    (Wydawnictwo KUL, 2020) Nawrot, Janusz
    The present article deals with a linguistic issue well known in the Bible but not usually overtly present in the terminology of Hebrew and Greek Scripture. It concerns the sexual sphere of human life and is expressed by the verb zeugizō (1 Macc 1:15). This term appears only once in the Septuagint and is not featured in any of the other inspired books. However, the discovery of a non-biblical text which includes the term in question, as well as the inclusion of the verb by the Jewish authors of the Greek Bible from the 2nd century AD, shed important light on the sense of the verb in the First Book of the Maccabees. The exegesis carried out reveals just how harsh was the hagiographer’s critique of, and judgment upon, the supporters of the Hellenization of Judea.