Browsing by Author "Kochanowicz, Elżbieta"

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    Antifungal Agent 4-AN Changes the Genome-Wide Expression Profile, Downregulates Virulence-Associated Genes and Induces Necrosis in Candida albicans Cells
    (MDPI, 2020) Martyna, Aleksandra; Masłyk, Maciej; Janeczko, Monika; Kochanowicz, Elżbieta; Gielniewski, Bartłomiej; Świercz, Aleksandra; Demchuk, Oleg M.; Kubiński, Konrad
    In the light of the increasing occurrence of antifungal resistance, there is an urgent need to search for new therapeutic strategies to overcome this phenomenon. One of the applied approaches is the synthesis of small-molecule compounds showing antifungal properties. Here we present a continuation of the research on the recently discovered anti-Candida albicans agent 4-AN. Using next generation sequencing and transcriptional analysis, we revealed that the treatment of C. albicans with 4-AN can change the expression profile of a large number of genes. The highest upregulation was observed in the case of genes involved in cell stress, while the highest downregulation was shown for genes coding sugar transporters. Real-time PCR analysis revealed 4-AN mediated reduction of the relative expression of genes engaged in fungal virulence (ALS1, ALS3, BCR1, CPH1, ECE1, EFG1, HWP1, HYR1 and SAP1). The determination of the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) showed that the combination of 4-AN with amphotericin B is synergistic. Finally, flow cytometry analysis revealed that the compound induces mainly necrosis in C. albicans cells.
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    Production of enriched in B vitamins biomass of Yarrowia lipolytica grown in biofuel waste
    (Elsevier, King Saud University, 2021) Jach, Monika Elżbieta; Sajnaga, Ewa; Janeczko, Monika; Juda, Marek; Kochanowicz, Elżbieta; Baj, Tomasz; Malm, Anna
    Yarrowia lipolytica as an oleaginous yeast is capable of growing in various non-conventional hydrophobic substrate types, especially industrial wastes. In this study, the content of thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), biotin (vitamin B7) and folic acid (vitamin B9) in the wet biomass of Y. lipolytica strains cultivated in biofuel waste (SK medium), compared to the standard laboratory YPD medium, was assessed. Additionally, the biomass of Y. lipolytica A-101 grown in biofuel waste (SK medium) was dried and examined for B vitamins concentration according to the recommended microbial methods by AOAC Official Methods. The mean values of these vitamins per 100 g of dry weight of Y. lipolytica grown in biofuel waste (SK medium) were as follows: thiamine 1.3 mg/100 g, riboflavin 5.3 mg/100 g, pyridoxine 4.9 mg/100 g, biotin 20.0 µg/100 g, and folic acid 249 µg/100 g. We have demonstrated that the dried biomass is a good source of B vitamins which can be used as nutraceuticals to supplement human diet, especially for people at risk of B vitamin deficiencies in developed countries. Moreover, the biodegradation of biofuel waste by Y. lipolytica is desired for environmental protection.